Guinée-Bissau: visite d’une délégation de la Cédéao quarante-cinq jours après le coup d’État

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Les présidents sénégalais Bassirou Diomaye Faye et sierra-léonais Julius Maada Bio se sont rendus à Bissau, ce samedi 10 janvier, en mission conjointe au nom de la Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (Cédéao). Leur visite intervenait 45 jours après le coup d’État qui a interrompu le processus électoral en cours en Guinée-Bissau. Il n’y pas eu de communication officielle mais les deux dirigeants se sont entretenus avec les militaires qui ont pris le pouvoir. Ils ont également pu rendre visite aux principaux opposants.

Objectif des deux chefs d’État sénégalais et sierra-léonais : obtenir des avancées sur plusieurs sujets sensibles en lien avec la transition en Guinée-Bissau. Au cours des entretiens, la délégation de la Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (Cédéao) a demandé une remise en liberté sans condition de tous les détenus politiques, arguant que leur détention entrave tout climat de confiance nécessaire à une sortie de crise.

La junte, elle, privilégie une approche « graduelle » sans donner de calendrier précis. Plusieurs personnes arrêtées fin novembre ont déjà été élargies, mais la principale figure de l’opposition, Domingos Simoes Pereira, leader du Parti africain pour l’indépendance de la Guinée et du Cap Vert (PAIGC), demeure en détention.

Les deux présidents ont pu lui rendre visite, ainsi qu’à Fernando Dias, candidat à la dernière présidentielle, toujours réfugié à l’ambassade du Nigeria. Une visite qui intervient alors que plusisurs ONG alertent sur des violations des droits humains depuis le putsch. C’est ce qu’explique Sabino Gomes Junior, membre de la palteforme des associations et organisations Pacto Social.

« Le nombre de cas de violation des droits de l’homme augmente. Nous ne comprenons pas comment une jeune personne comme par exemple Luis peut être attaquée par des militaires. C’est vraiment parce que les agresseurs pensent qu’il ne se passera rien. Et cela a été prouvé lorsque les habitants du quartier sont venus se plaindre, car plus de dix voitures de la police militaire sont arrivées. Aujourd’hui encore, plusieurs activistes sont hospitalisés. La famille n’a pas les moyens de faire face à cette situation. Mais c’est le sentiment de peur qu’ils veulent installer. Pourquoi ? Pour que le peuple Bissau-guinéen ait peur et arrête de se battre », explique-t-il.

« C’est pourquoi nous demandons dans cette lettre que la Cédéao puisse entendre les gens, poursuit Sabino Gomes Junior. Le président de la Sierra Leone et le président du Sénégal doivent entendre la société civile écouter le peuple de Guinée-Bissau qui, de plus en plus, souffre des cas de violations des droits de l’homme. Ils n’ont plus un espace, un endroit où ils peuvent se plaindre ou demander de l’aide. La Ligue des droits de l’homme elle-même a été complètement fermée et dans de nombreux cas, ils essaient d’enlever ou de torturer les membres de cette organisation ».

La durée de la transition est un autre point de friction : les médiateurs ouest-africains poussent en faveur d’une transition courte, cadrée et transparente, assortie d’un calendrier électoral précis. Á Bissau, les militaires parlent d’un nécessaire « délai de sécurité » pour stabiliser les institutions avant d’organiser des élections, sans préciser de durée envisagée. Selon plusieurs sources, ils perçoivent aussi la force d’attente de la Cédéao comme une menace potentielle.

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